Challenges and Design Considerations for Integrated VCOs in Wireless Communications
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper attempts to list challenges and possible solutions for designing integrated voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) in wireless products. Such challenges include oscillation frequency, frequency coverage, linearity of tuning curves, phase noise, power consumption, oscillation amplitude variations, sensitivity to process, supply voltage, and temperature variations (PVT), coupling to and from other blocks, start up time, and area. Some design considerations for voltage regulators are also discussed since the noise performance of such regulators can influence the overall design significantly. VCOs in CMOS processes are mainly considered here. An example of taking advantage of modern CMOS processes with active devices with different threshold voltages is also presented.
منابع مشابه
Optimization of SiGe HBT VCOs for Wireless Applications
This paper describes the optimization of phase noise performance in fully integrated SiGe HBT differential LC-tuned voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) for wireless applications. An accnrate expression for phase noise in SiGe HBT LC-tuned VCOs is presented which takes the nonlinear operation of the oscillator into account. Design methods are shown which minimize the different sources of phase...
متن کاملAdvances in Radio Science Design and Analysis of Fully Integrated Differential VCOs
Oscillators play a decisive role for electronic equipment in many fields – like communication, navigation or data processing. Especially oscillators are key building blocks in integrated transceivers for wired and wireless communication systems. In this context the study of fully integrated differential VCOs has received attention. In this paper we present an analytic analysis of the steady sta...
متن کاملMulti-channel Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Extensive researches on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been performed and many techniques have been developed for the data link (MAC) layer. Most of them assume single-channel MAC protocols. In the usual dense deployment of the sensor networks, single-channel MAC protocols may be deficient because of radio collisions and limited bandwidth. Hence, using multiple channels can significantly ...
متن کاملMulti-channel Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Extensive researches on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been performed and many techniques have been developed for the data link (MAC) layer. Most of them assume single-channel MAC protocols. In the usual dense deployment of the sensor networks, single-channel MAC protocols may be deficient because of radio collisions and limited bandwidth. Hence, using multiple channels can significantly ...
متن کاملA design approach for integrated CMOS LC-tank oscillators using bifurcation analysis
Electrical oscillators play a decisive role in integrated transceivers for wired and wireless communication systems. In this context the study of fully integrated differential VCOs has received attention. In this paper formulas for investigations of the stability as well as the amplitude of CMOS LC tank oscillators are derived, where an overall model of nonlinear gain elements is used. By means...
متن کامل